Correction, Retraction and Withdrawal
1. Corrections
Authors are responsible for reviewing and confirming the final version of their manuscript and for avoiding errors prior to publication. If an error appears in a published article that does not affect the research results, the Academic Research Services LLC (ARSL) will issue a correction/erratum.
Authors, readers, and editors are encouraged to report any errors found in published papers. Please contact the editorial office of the relevant journal.
2. Retractions
In accordance with COPE guidelines, published articles may be retracted for the following reasons:
- Unreliable findings
- Plagiarism
- Publication elsewhere without proper attribution, disclosure to the editor, permission for republication, or reasonable justification
- Inclusion of unauthorized materials or data
- Copyright infringement, privacy violations, or other legal issues
- Unethical research
- Suspect peer review process
- Failure to disclose significant conflicts of interest
If any of the above misconduct is substantiated, the journal will publish a retraction notice stating the reason for retraction, and the PDF of the retracted article will be watermarked with "Retracted". The journal editor will notify the authors of the retraction.
If an article is retracted, the Article Processing Charge paid will not be refunded to the authors.
3. Withdrawals
Although discouraged, authors may withdraw their manuscript before or during the peer review process by providing a reason. However, authors should note that if the manuscript has entered the peer review stage, a withdrawal fee of $200 will be charged, as editors and reviewers have invested significant effort in manuscript evaluation. Once the withdrawal request is approved, the manuscript will be removed from the journal system, and authors will be notified.
Accepted and published articles may also be withdrawn for violations of ethical standards (similar to reasons for retraction).
